Primitive people
lived in constant danger. Their struggle for survival depended on factors
over which they had no control. Chance played such a large role in early
human life that people lived in continuous anxiety. Most people died
violently; natural deaths were so unusual that people thought they were
caused by spirits.
Helplessness
against the forces of nature impelled early man to seek to understand
supernatural phenomena. Belief in the afterlife began when people dreamt
of deceased tribesmen. Belief in the soul started when men observed
that breath was present in living creatures but not in the dead; they
speculated that the breath lived on as a ghost after death. Disembodied
ghosts were thought to be responsible for all inexplicable events.
Primitive people
thought that the soul could escape the body during fainting, sleeping,
comas, death, or sneezing. Dreams were thought to be adventures of the
soul. People believed that disembodied souls could enter animals and
inanimate objects. Shadows were feared and mirrors were regarded with
superstition.
The religion
of ghost fear led people to believe that a spirit world controlled human
destiny and that they could appease the spirits by regulating personal
conduct. Rituals helped to relieve people from their unrelenting fears
by helping them believe that they had the power to influence their own
fate.
The idea that
specific actions could help one avoid angering wandering ghosts was
the seed of the concept of right and wrong. From this humble beginning,
human ethics were born. Mortal minds began to prepare for the bestowal
of true spirit forces, the indwelling fragments of God who have labored
ceaselessly to transform the fear of God into the love of God.